ABSTRACT
Since the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, many people have been affected in different ways. The majority of infected people experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without the need for hospitalization. However, in some affected people, it may lead to catastrophic disease. The severity of COVID-19 infection is widely influenced by co-morbidities, immune system functions, and extra-pulmonary organ injuries. Since the emergence of COVID-19, multi-organ involvement has been documented. In order to implement preventative and protective measures, full attention to potential organ injuries is required. Most existing articles and review papers are focused on a specific organ system, and their numbers are growing. In this review paper, attempts were made to collect review papers and articles published on seven organ system involvements in COVID-19 infection published till 15 July and highlight conclusions and managements of all affected organs. We tried to add to the medical knowledge on COVID-19, pointing out its multi-organ system impact. Finally, we tried to facilitate access to organized information and optimum conclusion by representing review tables for each organ system. Besides, this review article can clarify and magnify the empty research space easily for future investigations.
ABSTRACT
Burnout syndrome has affected many doctors globally, and this problem has caused various negative impacts on public health services such as reduced productivity and reduced quality care of patients. Various factors were associated with burnout among doctors, but the factors vary in different countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of burnout among public service medical officers in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, who were involved in combating the Covid-19 outbreaks. A cross-sectional study involving 201 medical officers working in all government hospitals and health clinics was carried out. Using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the prevalence of personal-related and work-related burnout were 61.2% and 48.8% respectively, while the prevalence of client-related burnout was 39.8%. Working in different medical departments and the length of working experience were the significant associated risk factors of burnout among the doctors. Meanwhile, other predictors were found not to be significantly associated with the prevalence of burnout. The prevalence of burnout among medical officers in Kota Kinabalu was relatively high especially among the less experienced doctors and among those who work in surgical based departments, and these issues require multilevel interventions which involve policymakers in the Ministry of Health, organizational and administrative managers at the various health departments and the medical officers themselves. © 2021. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, many advanced countries are taking the advantage of the modern robotic technology to develop and deploy robots in hospitals, airports and healthcare centers to assist the nation combat the deadly virus, known as COVID-19. This Research paper focuses on an artificial intelligence based robotic device that is developed. The robot is equipped with germs and virus killing Ultraviolet (UV) light system along with conventional spraying system for cleaning off any possibly infected area. The robot titled as "Assistive Robot for Covid-19 (ARC-19)"functions on two modes of operations, Autonomous and Semi-Autonomous. Traditionally, the cleaning job is done by cleaning workers, and the healthcare staff have direct contact with the COVID-19 patient. Instead, the developed contactless ARC-19 system can easily disinfect any possibly infected high-touch surface, and reduce the direct-contact between the patient and healthcare staff. After testing the robot, it turns out that the robot was able to kill 98% of the bacteria and other harmful viruses including COVID-19. This could lead to cost-effective, fast, and practical method to reduce the risk on being infected by COVID-19. © 2020 IEEE.